In Vygotsky’s theory, what is the 'zone of proximal development'?

The concept of the 'zone of proximal development' (ZPD) in Vygotsky’s theory refers specifically to the range of tasks that a child cannot yet perform independently but can successfully accomplish with guidance and support from a more knowledgeable other, such as a teacher or peer. This zone highlights the difference between what a child can do alone and what they can achieve with assistance, emphasizing the importance of social interaction and collaboration in the learning process.

Vygotsky believed that learning occurs in this zone and that targeted support within this range helps to progress a child's cognitive development. This understanding has significant implications for educational practices, underscoring the value of tailored instruction that meets children where they are developmentally and helps to expand their capabilities through collaborative effort.